404 research outputs found
The relationship between SNPS in the genes of TLR signal transduction pathway downstream elements and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction and regulation of the innate immune system or adaptive immune responses. Genetic variations within human TLRs have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted to investigate correlation between SNP of downstream mononucleotide in signal transduction of Toll-like receptors and predisposing genes of RA. There was obviously correlative between single nucleotide polymorphism and predisposing genes of RA. G-type of IL-1RAP rs766442 may be protecting genes of RA, while T-type alleles of IL-6R rs11265618 and IL-1RAP rs766442 may be susceptible genes of RA. In conclusion, the studies on the nucleis acid polymorphism in TLRs signal pathway contribute to disclose genesβ influence on the attack mechanism of RA, early diagnosis and treatment of RA.Π’ΠΎΠ»Π»-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ (TLRs) ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ TLRs ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ (Π Π). Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ TLRs ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π Π. G-ΡΠΈΠΏ IL-1RAP rs766442 ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π Π, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΠΈ T-ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° IL-6R rs11265618 ΠΈ IL-1RAP rs766442 ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π Π. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ TLRs ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ² Π Π, ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π Π.The study was supported by Shandong Province young scientist in incentive fund (Grant β 2006BS03018) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant β 30801025)
Artificial Intelligence and Human Error Prevention: A Computer Aided Decision Making Approach: Final Report
Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryFederal Aviation Administration / FA79-WA-436
Multilevel Semantic Analysis and Problem-Solving in the Flight Domain: Final Report: NASA Grant NCCI-52, July 11, 1981-July 10, 1982
Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryNASA Grant NCCI-5
Investigation of a two-phase flow natural circulation loop with divergent microchannel evaporator
Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.The development of microelectronics is toward high
performance, high efficiency and yet small size. Thermal
management of microelectronics is of critical concern and
significant interest. Microchannel boiling is an advanced
cooling technology for high heat flux devices. The present
study explores heat removal capability of a two-phase natural
circulation loop with divergent microchannel evaporator. Our
previous studies revealed that a diverging cross section design
significantly could stabilize and enhance the heat transfer of
flow boiling. The temperatures at the inlet and outlet of both
evaporator and condensing units are measured to evaluate the
heat removal capability of the loop. Moreover, the pressure
changes through the downcomer and lower horizontal tube are
both measured to deduce the flow rate through the loop based
on the relationship between flow rate and pressure drop. This
study uses the high speed video camera to capture the flow
patterns in the evaporator and riser. The working fluid
employed in the present study is ethanol, as its boiling
temperature at atmospheric pressure is 78.4 β, which is below
the temperature limit of the most microelectronic materials. The
results show that the loop mass flow rate increases
monotonically with increasing the heating power of the
evaporator after boiling incipience. The current experimental
results indicate that the highest base heat flux could achieve is
about 105 kWm-2 with no sign of dry-out and it has great
potential to reach a higher heat flux. Moreover, it is found that
the loop instability appears at low heating powers after boiling
begins, while it can be suppressed if the input power is higher
than 20W. Indeed, the present two-phase natural circulation
loop with divergent microchannel evaporator demonstrates
stable circulation with high heat transfer capability.dc201
Flexible hydrogen fuel cell fabricated on paper with embedded aluminium foil
Direct hydrogen fuel cells are generally heavy and rigid systems based on metal or plastic materials, which are not suitable for various miniwatt and flexible devices. In this study, we have developed a lightweight and flexible fuel cell based on paper substrate embedded with an Al foil inside, which is used as an in-situ hydrogen source by reaction with an electrolyte solution during operation. Benefited from the inhibited hydroxyl transportation by the porous cellulose network, the vigorous Al corrosion reaction is well controlled even though strong alkaline electrolyte is adopted, so that the fuel cell can be discharged for more than 5 hours at 1 mA cm-2 (0.83 V) with only 3.5 mg Al foil. The corresponding faradaic and energy efficiencies are as high as 72% and 18.3%, respectively. The fuel cell flexibility is also quite good when facing different bending angles. Considering its moderate power output, this flexible paper-based hydrogen fuel cell is especially suitable for powering various miniwatt and flexible devices, such as wearable electronics, biosensors, RFID tags, etc. However, higher power can be obtained by suitable stacking of the fuel cell
Stacking Sequence Effect on the Fracture Behavior of Narrow L-Shaped Cross-Ply Laminates: Experimental Study
The stacking sequence effect of narrow L-shaped laminates on the fracture mode was studied.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Theory of the Quantum Hall Smectic Phase II: Microscopic Theory
We present a microscopic derivation of the hydrodynamic theory of the Quantum
Hall smectic or stripe phase of a two-dimensional electron gas in a large
magnetic field. The effective action of the low energy is derived here from a
microscopic picture by integrating out high energy excitations with a scale of
the order the cyclotron energy.The remaining low-energy theory can be expressed
in terms of two canonically conjugate sets of degrees of freedom: the
displacement field, that describes the fluctuations of the shapes of the
stripes, and the local charge fluctuations on each stripe.Comment: 20 pages, RevTex, 3 figures, second part of cond-mat/0105448 New and
improved Introduction. Final version as it will appear in Physical Review
Artificial Intelligence and Human Error Prevention: A Computer Aided Decision Making Approach: Technical Report No. 4: Survey and Analysis of Research on Learning Systems from Artificial Intelligence
Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryU.S. Department of Transportation / DOT FA79WA-4360 ABFederal Aviation Administratio
The phase diagram of quantum systems: Heisenberg antiferromagnets
A novel approach for studying phase transitions in systems with quantum
degrees of freedom is discussed. Starting from the microscopic hamiltonian of a
quantum model, we first derive a set of exact differential equations for the
free energy and the correlation functions describing the effects of
fluctuations on the thermodynamics of the system. These equations reproduce the
full renormalization group structure in the neighborhood of a critical point
keeping, at the same time, full information on the non universal properties of
the model. As a concrete application we investigate the phase diagram of a
Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a staggered external magnetic field. At long
wavelengths the known relationship to the Quantum Non Linear Sigma Model
naturally emerges from our approach. By representing the two point function in
an approximate analytical form, we obtain a closed partial differential
equation which is then solved numerically. The results in three dimensions are
in good agreement with available Quantum Monte Carlo simulations and series
expansions. More refined approximations to the general framework presented here
and few applications to other models are briefly discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
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